1sg. nominative pronoun: I

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dog

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to be ignorant, uninformed

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a basket with a handle to carry it (esp. a small basket made of rattan or lygodium)

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sea cucumber, trepang (generic)

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rice paddy; wet rice field

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a collection of wet rice fields

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wet

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trunk of a tree, stalk of flower, rice, etc.

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warp (in weaving)

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stone, rock

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stony, stone-covered

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big rock with flat surface (level with ground)

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a waterfall

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belly, stomach; pregnant

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for something to smell bad, to stink (like dung, rotten fish, etc.)

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calf of the leg

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buttress root

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needle

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chief, headman

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millet: Echinochloa frumentacea or Setaria italica (small-seeded annual cereal and forage grass, often planted at the edge of rice fields)

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a leaf (of plants and trees)

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the external ear

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excuse, pretext

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scorched rice (that sticks to the bottom of the pot)

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tongue

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arm span (measurement of length; both arms are stretched out, and one measures from fingertip to fingertip)

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turmeric; yellow ginger

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two (in counting objects)

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to doubt, have doubts

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mermaid (a mythical being), manatee, sea cow, dugong

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rotten, of wood (it can already be taken apart by hand)

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cloud, rain cloud; mist (they may be white or dark and bringing rain)

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green

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root , as of a tree or plant (also used of teeth)

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a mill

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scissors

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to drag or pull something (most often it is used for transporting coconuts on a carabao sled, the sled being dragged)

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big (as a house)

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hundred

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hundreds of something

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to menstruate

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to be infested with algae (of fresh water)

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tooth, teeth

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village, cluster of houses

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tomato: Lycopersicum esculentum

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all three that one has (of anything)

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be affected by something that piles up on top (as a house struck by a falling tree)

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knowledge (especially of supernatural things)

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to know something

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for something to come to someone, arrive at someone; the place or time of someone’s arrival

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sores; infected places (generic); for something to itch, be itchy

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to feel itchy

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motion with the hand for someone to come toward the speaker

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tree (generic); wood (generic); lumber; firewood

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large variety of squid

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to recognize

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eyebrow

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fluted clam, several species, fam. Tridacnidae (includes T. squamosa, Hippopus hippopus, and Hippopus porcellanus)

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food; staple food (usually thought of as rice)

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to try or try out something; to taste food (in order to try out if it is good or done, etc.)

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we, us (dual incl.)

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we, us (plural incl.)

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1sg ergative pronoun; 1sg possessive pronoun

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nail (of finger or toe); claw (of animals and birds)

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louse’s egg, nit

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scabies bug, a parasitic mite

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louse, lice

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flea (‘dog louse’)

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a sound (as of waves), gurgling (as water of a flood), bubbling (of something cooking)

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blood

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a small variety of banana (similar to #suley badju), Musa family

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fast, quickly; to be fast or do something quickly

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deep (of a hold or body of water, also figuratively of thinking, speaking or wisdom)

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path, trail, road, way

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curved, bent in a light curve (as eyelashes); to stick out (like a cock’s tail, a person’s rear)

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a fly, housefly

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sky

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spiderweb, cobweb

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bad, evil (morally); poorly (of feeling)

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easily getting angry, hot-tempered

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a hollow, dell, valley; indentation

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dirty (with anything); greasy

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for something to be submerged to soak (in water)

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lid, cover (as of a bottle, jar, box, or pot)

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to cover something (as with a lid)

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stove (in old times it consisted of a fire table that had a surface of dirt on which the fire was built and supports for the pots placed; a charcoal burner is also a #lepohan, and so are gas or electric stoves)

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rolling country (several hills and valleys in succession; said also of a bumpy road)

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cross-eyed

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to bail out (water), to empty (something) of water

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to bail out (water), to empty (something) of water

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thin black leech up to 20 cm. long, lives on ground (not in water)

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five

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earthquake

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thorn (growing on a plant)

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thorny

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house

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playhouse

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algae (various kinds, esp. a hairlike variety); small plants growing in sea or fresh water

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to be infested with algae (of fresh water)

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to be out (outside) of something that is confining in some way

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spittle; foamy saliva spit out

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spittle; foamy saliva spit out

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to deny (an accusation)

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a triangular tear, as in clothing

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to waver, to be uncertain about something

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to mill something; to grind something

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to make something known

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to eat

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for something to arrive

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to develop a sore, become a sore

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to marry, have a wedding

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to know, recognize, point out something

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to see something

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to bleed; to menstruate

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to swim

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to swim (repetitive)

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to fly (like birds, airplanes, etc.)

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to sew (clothing, etc.)

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to remove something that is firmly fixed in its place

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to wind something (onto a core, as thread onto a spool)

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to go around, make a detour

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to roll something back and forth, knead (like in making dough); to roll something over and move it forward

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to live somewhere, to make one’s place somewhere

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to spit

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to take off something (as clothes or shoes); to bring out something, express (of thoughts or speech); to go outside (of room, house, forest, etc.)

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to take off something (as clothes)

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to develop pus (of an inflamed wound or boil)

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to put out, extinguish (a fire or light); turn or shut off (water, engine)

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to be approximately the same size (of people and animals); it is always comparative

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to fish, catch fish with a net

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to wipe something (as the floor)

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to have the same name

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for something to rhyme

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to shroud a corpse; wrap a body in grave clothes

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to shoot something with a blowgun; to carry or use a blowgun

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to treat threads before using them in weaving; in old times the thread, especially silk, that was going to be used in weaving was treated with a soupy, overcooked rice mixture in order to make the threads more durable (i.e. to prevent the threads from fraying or breaking), to stiffen them; it was brushed on with a piece of coconut husk

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to prop up something in order to keep it from moving (as one leg of a table that is shorter than the rest)

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to come and go (of people and vehicles, some leaving, others arriving); to alternate, to take turns

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to comb the hair

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to use a spoon; to give or take something with a spoon

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to suck at the breast

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to walk along or follow the edge of something (especially of a body of water, as the edge of the sea)

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to be used to doing something on/in/at the sea (as traveling by boat, fishing, swimming, looking for shellfish, etc.)

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to place something on top of something else; pile up on top

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to plant (or make something into) a dry rice field

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to plant something

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to cry, weep (audibly, or inaudibly with tears)

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to cut or plant sugarcane

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to take a step (in walking)

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to raid, attack, arrive at (someone’s place with evil intent)

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sometimes; occasionally

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to divide something into two equal halves or pieces

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to walk (as on a tightrope or balance beam)

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to show something off

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peanut

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chicken, domestic fowl

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bird (generic)

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jungle fowl: Gallus gallus

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eye

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plowshare (‘eye of the plow’)

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direction wind comes from

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the surface of a river

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the sun, disc of the sun (‘eye of the day’)

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head of a boil

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the middle of the road

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middle of the road

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blade of a knife

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blade of a bolo

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direction of sound (wind)

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ricebird; chestnut mannikin: Lonchura malacca

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to fill something with something

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to turn white or pale, to blanch (because of fear or pain)

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to make steamed cassava

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to discharge watery, sticky liquid (said of sores)

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immediately, right away, directly

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pus

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to plant something

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to cry, weep

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to press or push down on something with the hand

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to be halfway or mid-way between two points

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to shoot something with a blowgun

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to walk (as on a tightrope or balance beam)

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nipa palm; palm shingles: Nipa Fruticans. It makes good roofing material; the leaflets are cut off from the midrib and individually folded over a strip of bamboo in such a way that one end is a bit longer than the other.

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soul, spirit, life principle (all living things --- humans, animals, plants --- are said to have# niyawa; if a person is dead his #niyawa has left; if sleeping his #niyawalihan may wander about)

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you (second person singular ergative pronoun); your (second person singular possessive pronoun)

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to bleed

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to spit

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to know

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haircutting ceremony; name-giving ceremony (it is usually a big occasion; many people attend and much food is provided)

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wedding (the place of the celebration)

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to honor someone, treat someone with respect

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causative affix in transitive or antipassive clauses

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to eat into something (as a saw); sink into something (as tires); consume something (as fire)

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to go down, become less, subside (of air, water, swelling); deflate

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to show something to someone; to appear, to show oneself

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to speed up something

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to cause to swim, to let swim

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to come off, peel (like skin, paint)

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for something to go out, be extinguished (fire or light), turned off, shut off (water, electricity, engine), dried up (stream, well)

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rice (unhusked), Oryza sativa

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black surgeonfish, different varieties of surgeonfishes, unicorn fishes, fam. Acanthuridae

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for something to go out, be extinguished (fire or light), turned off, shut off (water, electricity, engine), dried up (stream, well)

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a plank, board (as for making a wall)

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to shine (of sun and moon only)

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to speed up an action

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to flow or go backwards (as a river flowing upstream at high tide; food returning in vomiting); to push something (as a boat into the sea, or a person pushed upward to assist him in climbing a tree)

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to breastfeed, nurse a child

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give him the breast!

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to make something three (as in dividing cookies into three batches)

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thigh

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bitter, over salted, too salty

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full (as a suitcase full of clothes); to fill something with something

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to fill something with something

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turtle, order Chelonia (a large kind of marine reptile)

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to squeeze something (as someone’s hand)

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how many? (days, etc.), how much? (money, etc.)

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fishing net (circular). It is thrown out by hand from a small boat.

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navel, umbilical cord

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white

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base of a tree; source, origin or beginning of something (as the source of a river, foot of a mountain, beginning of a rumor); classifier for plants; clump, trunk, stalk, plant, etc.

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capital (the beginning to start a business venture)

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female genitals, vulva, vagina

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lower leg; calf of leg

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flower (blossom) of the banana (cooked as a vegetable)

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a type of glutinous rice or maize; sticky rice

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steamed cassava; balls or clumps are made of grated cassava and steamed

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container for steaming cassava

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watery discharge, serious drainage (from sores)

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to be older in age than someone else (people and domesticated animals); older brother or sister; elder sibling

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a mistake, a wrong, a fault; for something to be wrong, be at fault, faulty

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to worsen something, corrupt something, make something deteriorate

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father

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father

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species of black ant (they live on trees, such as lansones and coconut trees); one of the divisions of living creatures (includes insects, vermin, other things that creep or crawl)

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namesake

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shroud, grave clothes (Yakans, as Muslims generally, do not bury their dead in coffins but wrapped in a white shroud; the body is then placed on a ledge dug in the side of the grave)

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snake (generic)

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to lean against something

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blowgun

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elbow

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to shine brightly (of a light, esp. the moon)

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for something to be insect-infested bug-infested (as sugar)

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a shim, any object (paper, wood) one puts under something to prop it up

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yam bean, Pachyrrhizus erosus (a vine cultivated for its fleshy and juicy turnip-shaped root)

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a comb

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a bamboo flute; any type of flute; the traditional #suliŋ is a fipple flute, i.e. has a whistle mouthpiece and is made of a thin kind of bamboo ... it has six holes in a row

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to stub the toe

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a spoon

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breast

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resin; a light (fueled with resin)

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a bee-like insect; it is large and black with brownish wings, and makes round nests of dirt on trees; its sting hurts very much

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sea; ocean; sea water

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to proceed with doing something, finish doing something, complete doing something

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up to; until (stating the limits of objects and time; extent, limit, topping point (of objects)

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end, stopping point, limit (of actions); used also for forming superlatives of adjectives

Behrens 2002

for something to be penetrated or pierced (by a knife or bullet); covered with (wounds or bullet holes)

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to place something on top of something else; pile up on top

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dry rice field, swidden

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to hit something (with the foot)

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to know how to do something; to be able to do something

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sugarcane

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a sugarcane field

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shoe

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a step (in walking)

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stride, pace (in walking)

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arrival

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to arrive

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press down on it!

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three

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hollow sounding, loud sounding, of brass gongs

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one half of something

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a footbridge, small bridge, catwalk (it is usually made of a board or a log)

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a strong east wind (with strong rain), storm

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what has been planted, the plant, seed, seedling, etc.

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drip (a small amount of liquid that drains off something)

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steps cut in coconut tree trunk to facilitate climbing

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to cry, weep

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the reason, cause for something

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